First, They Came For The Manure Deniers, But I Was A Vegan

 WE THINK THE REAL PROBLEM IS PEOPLE WHO HATE CODFISH CAKES

[At] COP28 in Dubai, a panel of soil experts presented the case for cows as climate allies, not gas-spewing destroyers... Contrary to the anti-cow cacophony of the climate crisis crowd, these experts explained the vital role ruminants like cows play in nourishing and rebuilding precious soils. It turns out, grazing cows sequester massive amounts of carbon.

The Case for More Cows

The entire argument is premised on claims of enteric methane emissions from cattle confined in unnatural factory operations:

 Rotationally grazed cows sequester more carbon dioxide in the soil with their manure than they emit when they burp. Cow manure rebuilds soils destroyed by synthetic fertilizers and other chemicals, nurturing microbial life that feeds on methane. Robust natural soils sequester more carbon dioxide than forests, yet bovines are denied any carbon credit.

The push to eliminate cows has been crafted by the same industrial forces that imprisoned them... Synthetic and fake meats grown from soy or corn harvested with tractors and chemicals do not rebuild soils, instead accelerating erosion and the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Cows are not the cause, but the solution, of climate change. Humanity needs more cows, not fewer! Those who say otherwise are simply manure deniers.

 

NAVALNY DEATH CAMP WELCOMES CLIMATE REFUGEES

GREENWASH AND COLORS SEPARATELY, COLD WATER ONLY

British soap operas cross-over for the first time to raise awareness for climate change

 UK soap operas and dramas are joining forces for the first time in British television history to highlight the issue of climate change.

Casualty, Coronation Street, Doctors, Eastenders, Emmerdale, Holby City and Hollyoaks have all filmed scenes that cover different aspects of climate change and environmental issues.

Each programme will also reference one another for the first time; characters from other shows will appear to discuss moments debated in their respected shows... to commemorate the COP26 climate summit and raise awareness for it.

Emmerdale’s Executive Producer, Jane Hudson, who commented: “Never before have all five soaps and both continuing dramas come together and united in telling one story.

“We certainly haven’t seen characters pop up in other shows before. This is a real treat for our audience, whilst also allowing us to get across a very important message.”

Kate Oates, Head of Continuing Drama at the BBC, added: “I’m thrilled that our soaps and serial dramas have all come together to help highlight the issue of climate change amongst our millions of viewers.

Make sure you check out the latest Net Hero Podcast episode:

CAN CHEAP DENIALBOTS DRIVE PROFESSIONAL CLIMATE DENIERS OUT OF CIRCULATION?

THE HANDWRITING ON THE WALL FOR THE HEARTLAND INSTITUTE MAY BE SUBSTACKIAN ERIC HOEL'S JUST COMPLAINT OF CHEAP BOT-GHOSTED  PSEUDOBOOKS:

"last year I published a nonfiction book, The World Behind the World, and now on Amazon I find this.

What, exactly, are these “workbooks” for my book? AI pollution. Synthetic trash heaps floating in the online ocean. The authors aren’t real people, some asshole just fed the manuscript into an AI and didn’t check when it spit out nonsensical summaries.

 But it doesn’t matter, does it? A poor sod will click on the $9.99 purchase one day, and that’s all that’s needed for this scam to be profitable… Now that generative AI has dropped the cost of producing bullshit to near zero, we see clearly the future of the internet: a garbage dump. 

Google search? ... amid the real things you’ll find dozens of AI-written summaries in response... and people openly shill their services for creating them... Scientific papers are being AI-generated. AI images mix into historical research. 

CPAC TELLS TRUMP NO CHANGE IN EAST POLE SEA ICE

THE  CONSERVATIVE POLAR-BEAR ACTION COMMITTEE HAS TOLD TRUMP  THAT EAST POLE SEA LEVEL HAS NOT CHANGED SINCE THE PUNIC WARM  PERIOD, DISMAYING CATASTROPHIC ANTHROPOGENIC GLOBAL  WARMISTS !

THE COMMITTEE FOR ALTERNATE CLIMATE THEORIES
 (CFACT) TOLD CPAC THAT DESPITE 3,000 YEARS OF 
"CLIMATE-CHANGING" FOSSIL FUEL FIRE WORSHIP

THE HIGH SEAS AROUND THE EAST POLE REMAIN 100% UN-CARBONATED & ICE AND POLAR BEAR-FREE.

NEW INTERNET CZAR IS NATIONAL ACADEMY FOUNDER

 THE AMERICAN THINKER  1-27-2024 

       Today’s‘Climate Crisis’ 

Is a Fairy Tale  

By Daniel W. Nebert M.D.

For the past 35 years, the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has warned us that emissions.. are causing dangerous global warming. This myth is blindly accepted — even by many of my science colleagues who know virtually nothing about climate. 

As a scientist, my purpose here is to help expose this fairy tale. The global warming story is not a benign fantasy… Life on Earth is based on carbon!  CO2 is plant food, not a pollutant!...

Dishonest climate scientists feel justified in spreading disinformation because they need governmental support for salaries and research. 

However, it’s impossible to do appropriate experiments — unless the roof of your laboratory is at least six miles high... Columbia University geochemist Wallace Broecker (1975) and Columbia University adjunct professor James Hansen (1981) wrote oft-cited articles in Science magazine, both overstating the perils of CO2 causing dangerous global warming — without providing scientific proof...

If you try to find these facts on the web, good luck! ..The door of a nearby classroom displays a poster of Abraham Lincoln with the caption: “Don’t believe everything you read on the internet.”

  

RESEARCHGATE LAUDS DOCTOR NEBERT AS AN EMERITUS MEDICAL SCHOOL PROFESSOR BUT FINDS HE HAS PUBLISHED VIRTUALLY NOTHING  ABOUT CLIMATOLOGY OR GEOPHYSICS. 

IDYLLIC NEW LAKE POSES EXISTENTIAL THREAT TO PARK

AN ATMOSPHERIC RIVER HAS LANDED AND  DROWNED
 THE DRIEST BIOME IN DEATH VALLEY
UTAH HAS A RATHER DIFFERENT PROBLEM

FUSION PLAMAS: KEEPING THE GORDIAN KNOT TIED

 

Princeton researchers report that a new AI model has solved one of the major roadblocks to generating fusion energy.

By Mirjam Guesgen February 21, 2024, 1:21pm

The  Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory has developed an AI model that predicts, and then figures out how to avoid fusuin power plasma becoming unstable and escaping the strong magnetic fields that hold it inside certain donut-shaped reactors. They published their findings Wednesday in  Nature

Donut-shaped tokamak reactors rely on magnets to squeeze plasma particles close together and keep them constantly spinning around a ring, creating a lasting fusion reaction. They’re one of the front-runners in designs for a practical fusion reactor. But if there’s one little disruption to the magnetic field lines running through the plasma, the delicate balance keeping it all contained gets out of whack: The plasma escapes the magnets’ clutches and the reaction ends. 

Chijin Xiao, a plasma physicist at the University of Saskatchewan who wasn’t involved in the study, explained that these instabilities can lead to catastrophic consequences. “When the plasma stops operating, there are several risks: one is that all the energy stored in the plasma is going to be released as thermal energy and may damage the wall of the reactor," she said. "More importantly, a sudden change in the [magnetic] current can introduce a great deal of force on the reactor that can really destroy the device. Xiao added that one of the biggest tokamak reactors around today, ITER in France, is only designed to withstand a few of these plasma disruptions before the whole machine has to be repaired—a huge expense. The goal is to catch instabilities while they’re small and intervene.

The Princeton lab’s model can predict so-called tearing mode instabilities 300 milliseconds before they happen. It doesn’t sound like a lot of heads-up, but it’s enough time to get the plasma under control, their study shows.

Researchers tested the algorithm on a real reactor, the DIII-D National Fusion Facility in San Diego. They saw that their AI-based system could control the power being pumped into the reactor and the shape of the plasma to keep the swirling particles in check.

Co-author Azarakhsh Jalalvand said in a statement that the success of the AI model comes from the fact that it was trained on real data from previous fusion experiments, rather than theoretical physics models. 

“We don’t teach the reinforcement learning model all of the complex physics of a fusion reaction,” Jalalvand said. “We tell it what the goal is—to maintain a high-powered reaction—what to avoid—a tearing mode instability—and the knobs it can turn to achieve those outcomes. Over time, it learns the optimal pathway for achieving the goal of high power while avoiding the punishment of an instability.

”The study is significant, said co-author Jaemin Seo, because previous models studied have only been able to suppress tearing instabilities after they happen. “Our approach allows us to predict and avoid those instabilities before they ever appear.”

But tearing mode instabilities are just one of the ways plasma can become unhinged. There are dozens of ways a glob of plasma can wobble, bend, or break apart: like a kinked garden hose, a fan, or even a sausage. 

Nevertheless, tearing instabilities are one of the biggest challenges on the way to boundless clean fusion energy. “Tearing mode instabilities are one of the major causes of plasma disruption, and they will become even more prominent as we try to run fusion reactions at the high powers required to produce enough energy,” said Seo. “They are an important challenge for us to solve.”

CONNECTING THE DOTS WITH THE CO2 COALITION

COAL  APOLOGIST CRAIG IDSO WONDERS  WHY  TRUMP BELIEVES IN JUST ONE CHINESE CLIMATE HOAX WHEN

ANYONE CAN  LINK TWO DOZEN  BREITBART & AMERICAN THINKER  CONSPIRACY THEORIES BEFORE BREAKFAST AT                 

Fantastic List of Reasons the Leftists are Brainwashed

• Russia Collusion Hoax
• Hands Up, Don’t Shoot Hoax
• Jussie Smollett Hoax
• Covington KKKids Hoax
• Very Fine People Hoax
• Seven-Hour Gap Hoax
• Russian Bounties Hoax
• Trump Trashes Troops Hoax
• Policemen Killed at Mostly Peaceful January 6 Protest Hoax
• Rittenhouse Hoax
• Eating While Black Hoax
• Border Agents Whipping Illegals Hoax
• NASCAR Noose Hoax
• The Georgia Jim Crow 2.0 Hoax
• Trump Assaulted Secret Service Agents and Grabbed Steering Wheel of Beast Hoax
• MAGA Assaulted Paul Pelosi Hoax
• COVID Lab Leak Theory Is Racist Hoax
• Hunter Biden’s Laptop Is Russian Disinformation Hoax
• Joe Biden Will Never Ban Gas Stoves Hoax
• COVID Deaths are Over-Counted Is a Conspiracy Theory Hoax
• Mass Graves of Native Children in Canada Hoax
• The Trump Killed All the Fish Hoax
• Hamas Hospital Hoax
• John Fetterman Is Healthy Hoax
• If Reelected, Trump Will Execute People Hoax
• The Alfa Bank Hoax

Full article linked here.

WILL TUCK GET A BIGGER MEDAL ?

Vladimir Putin awards “Order of Friendship” medal to Exxon CEO & Trump Secretary of State Rex Tillerson for “significant contribution to strengthening cooperation in the energy sector” 

CALVINIST FEARS CLIMATE CLOWN TIKTOK SHOCK

The Most Bizarre Experience of My Life

By the Right Reverend E. Calvin Beisner , Th.D

"The first week of February, I had the most bizarre experience of my life... I thank God I came home alive…The [video] producers said they appreciated Cornwall Alliance’s perspective… I’d expected a business-like setting... What I found was... the interviewer...was wearing a clown’s suit!

[He] had, they said, a TikTok channel with millions of viewers. The aim, they said, was to help calm young people’s fears about climate change."

   WHY SHOULD  SOMEONE  USED TO  HEARTLAND CONFERENCES
  WITH   MEN IN RUBBER CHICKEN SUITS  BE AFRAID OF ORDINARY CLOWNS?

 BEISNER TOUTS
HOMESCHOOL  
TRACTS LIKE 
THIS FOR THE 
CO2 COALITION

"I guess I was too guileless to realize what was up. I did the interview. But most of the questions were absurd to the point of ridiculous. I worked hard to say intelligent, interesting answers comprehensible to children, and several times I wove in the gospel and the message that if we fear God we need fear nothing else, but it was a challenge.

Then, after about 20 minutes, the interviewer stood… to change into another clown costume, hanging on a barrier just off stage… after about another 15 minutes he stood and said he was going to change outfits again...

SUSPECTS INCLUDE 
CALVINIST CLIMAPUNKS,
&  7TH DAY DEMENTISTS

But this time he said I must do the same. I refused. They tried to persuade me, but they finally gave up, and we finished the interview—during some of which he began imitating mice, lions, or other animals… to hold the attention of the young TikTok audience

... I tried to just say something intelligent about the intended subject, but much of the time I just looked puzzled and even laughed...

By now I was, I confess, traumatized...they had about an hour’s worth of video of me struggling hard to say sensible things in response to questions and antics that were anything but sensible—and they could do anything they wanted with it.

Later I realized I had been wholly in their keeping, potentially in danger, because no one else I knew, not even my wife, knew where they’d taken me.

So, I thank God I came home alive—

I don’t know what will be done with that video footage. Will it surprise me by accurately depicting my words about climate and energy? Or, by creative video editing, will it make me look stupid, evil, or both?"

Beisner's fears seem odd given his standup performances at the Mandalay Bay Casino & Resort in Vegas :

UPDATE: WUWT HAS BROUGHT OUT THE CLOWNS IN ADVANCE OF  REV. BEISNER'S   CRUSTY THE CLIMATE SCIENTIST DEBUT

JAPAN FIRES FIRST SHOT IN WAR AGAINST SPACE ROT

 “ satellites which re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere burn and create tiny alumina particles, which will float in the upper atmosphere for many years,” Takao Doi, a Japanese astronaut and aerospace engineer with Kyoto University, told BBC News’  “Eventually, it will affect the environment of the Earth.”

In 2020, a team of Japanese researchers launched the LignoStella Space Wood Projectto test the durability of three different types of wood in space: Erman’s birch, Japanese cherry and magnolia bovate. They subjected the samples to exposure tests for more than 290 days on the International Space Station before returning them to Earth earlier this year. The team’s analysis found that despite the harsh conditions of space, the wood samples had no measurable changes in mass and showed no signs of decomposition or damage.

“When you use wood on Earth, you have the problems of burning, rotting and deformation, but in space, you don’t have those problems: There is no oxygen in space, so it doesn’t burn, and no living creatures live in them, so they don’t rot,” Koji Murata, a researcher at Kyoto University, tells CNN’s Rebecca Cairns. 

IS THROWING SOUP AT DOGS IN BURNING MUSEUMS OK?

REAL CLIMATE   Unforced Variations  Nov 2022

"Anyone read Greta Thunberg’s book? or have an opinion about soup? Be substantive, be polite, be talking about climate"

Silvia Leahu-Aluas says

I do have an opinion about the soup. It reminded me of one of the famous ethical dilemmas: a museum is on fire, inside there is a dog and a unique painting, you can save only one, which one would you choose? 

to point out our trivial preoccupations with and fetishization of our artifacts as opposed to life and the biosphere

 

… and question the huge investment in and ecological footprint of all art and other museums, while there are millions of unhoused people, the energy required to operate them could be used by people in need, the land occupied by the museums could have a myriad of truly valuable uses, the list of opportunity costs is long... 

 

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/oct/22/just-stop-oil-van-gogh-national-gallery-aileen-getty

HOAX DENIERS BRACE FOR LANDSLIDE VICTORY

Nearly 15% of Americans deny climate change is real, AI study finds

February 14, 2024

Written By:

Nayiri Mullinix, U-M School for Environment and Sustainability

Study: The social anatomy of climate change denial in the United States DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-50591-6 (available once embargo lifts)

Using social media data and artificial intelligence in a comprehensive national assessment, a new University of Michigan study reveals that nearly 15% of Americans deny that climate change is real.

Scientists have long warned that a warming climate will cause communities around the globe to face increasing risks due to unprecedented levels of flooding, wildfires, heat stress, sea-level rise and more. Though the science is sound—even showing that human-induced, climate-related natural disasters are growing in frequency and intensity sooner than originally anticipated—climate change is still not wholly accepted as true in the United States.

The researchers used Twitter (now X) data from 2017 to 2019 and AI techniques to understand how social media has spread climate change denialism, analyzing the data to estimate climate change belief and denial rates.

The study, published online Feb. 14 in the journal Scientific Reports, also identified key influencers, such as former President Donald Trump, and how they spread and cement misinformation about climate change by leveraging world and weather events.

CLIMATE ATTACK INSPIRES AI ART HISTORY REBELLION

HAVE ATTACKS ON ART BEEN ADDED TO  THE AI TRAINING MENU FOR THE HIGH STRUNG AI ARTBOTS THAT GENERATE AUCTION HOUSE PR?

CONSIDER THIS HALLUCINATORY RIFF ON THE BOTTICELLI GLUE-IN:

 "Alex Rotter, administrator of Christie’s 20th and 21st aeon art departments, said during a account arrangement about the bargain at the firm’s New York address on Monday. 

“Andy Warhol’s Marilyn is the complete acme of American Pop and the affiance of the American Dream encapsulating optimism, fragility, celebrity, and iconography all at once,” he said. 

“Standing alongside Botticelli’s Birth of Venus, Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa and Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, Warhol’s Marilyn is actually one of the greatest paintings of all time.”

Warhol corrective aloof a few portraits of Monroe application a complicated awning press address that was clashing the accumulation assembly techniques he was best accepted for, according to Christie’s. 

They anniversary were corrective on a accomplishments of altered colors, including red, orange, blue, academician blue, and turquoise. Warhol corrective the Hollywood fable afterward her afterlife in 1962, aggressive by a promotional photo for the 1953 blur Niagara by Henry Hathaway.

Shot Academician Dejected Marilyn, depicts a albino Monroe cutting academician dejected eyeshadow, analogous the accomplishments color. 

It was acquired by the backward Thomas Ammann, a Swiss gallerist and architect of Thomas Ammann Fine Art, in the aboriginal 1980s for an bearding bulk through a clandestine sale, according to Rotter.

 Ammann died in 1993. His sister, Doris, ran the arcade until she anesthetized abroad aftermost year. The Thomas and Doris Ammann Foundation was afresh accustomed in account of them.

MARKETS WHACK NEWSMAX & FOX WIND POWER BEARS

THE PRICE OF METALS FOR WIND POWER & ELECTRIC CAR MAGNETS IS FALLING AS CHINESE SUPPLY FEARS  FADE.

HUGE RESERVES ARE COMING TO LIGHT AS FAST AS ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS CAN SEARCH THE EARTH'S CRUST, BECAUSE" RARE EARTH"  LANTHANIDE ELEMENTS LIKE NEODYMIUM, FAR FROM BEING RARE, ARE COMMON AS  COPPER OR ZINC.

ALBANIA, BOLIVIA & KAZAKHSTAN UNITE BEHIND STEYN

DEMOGRAPHY OF SCIENCE DENIAL IS MORE OR LESS SURVIVING MANN v. STEYN MOVIEFILM.

 NATURE HAILS UNDERTOURISTED KLEPTOCRACIES AS BEST PLACES TO AVOID CLIMATE SCIENTISTS:

"People around the world have high levels of trust in scientists, and most want researchers to get more involved in policymaking, finds a global survey with more than 70,000 participants. But trust levels... differ among nations…

Social scientist Viktoria Cologna at Leibniz University Hannover, Germany, and her colleagues surveyed 71,417 people in 67 countries… about the integrity, competency, benevolence and openness of scientists, on a scale of 1 to 5...

Across all participants, the average trust score was moderately high, at 3.62.

Participants from Egypt had the most trust in scientists, followed by India and Nigeria; 

in Albania, Kazakhstan and Bolivia, people had the least trust. 

Trust and politics

The study also explored the links between participants’ trust in scientists and their political leanings. At the global level, a ‘left-leaning’ political orientation was linked to higher trust. The team saw this association at the country level in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Norway and China.

 But of the 67 countries surveyed, in 41 — including New Zealand, Argentina and Mexico — the team found no significant association between political orientation and trust. And in some countries, including Georgia, Egypt, the Philippines, Nigeria and Greece, left-leaning views were linked to lower trust."

CLIMATEGATE: THE AGE OF MIRACLES HAS PASSED

15 YEARS BEFORE DENOUNCING THE 'HOCKEY STICK' CURVE IN THE MANN V STEYN TRIAL, STEPHEN MCINTYRE DECLARED:

           "A MIRACLE HAS HAPPENED"   

WHEN PILES OF HACKED HADLEY CLIMATE RESEARCH CENTER FILES & EMAILS SURFACED AS IF ON CUE TO EMBARRASS A UN GLOBAL CLIMATE CONFERENCE. SKEPTICS INSISTED IT WAS AN INSIDER LEAK,BUT NO ONE WAS EVER CHARGED.

NOW THE COLD CASE HAS WARMED UP. 

THE U.S. ATTORNEY'S OFFICE  REPORTS A HACKER HAS BEEN CONVICTED  OF CONSPIRACY, WIRE FRAUD, AND AGGRAVATED IDENTITY THEFT AND THE PRIVATE INTELLIGENCE COMPANY THAT EMPLOYED HIM HAS CONFESSED TO  TAKING  MILLIONS FOR ATTACKS ON CLIMATE  SCIENCE:

"The Climatic Research Unit  (CRU) email controversy ^[2][3] began in November 2009 with the hacking of a server at the University of East Anglia by an external attacker,^[4][5] who copied thousands of emails and  files... several weeks before the Copenhagen Summit on climate change.

The story was broken by climate change denialists,^[6][7] who argued... that global warming was a scientific conspiracy... ^]Columnist James Delingpole popularised the term "Climategate" to describe the controversy.^[13] public relations experts said that the release was a smear campaign intended to undermine the climate conference...

At about the same time, a short comment appeared on climate sceptic Stephen McIntyre's Climate Audit website saying that "A miracle has happened."^[23]      

NOVEMBER 2023

Hacker-For-Hire Sentenced 

U.S. Attorney Damian Williams said: “From his home in Israel, Aviram Azari played a major role in orchestrating and facilitating an international hacking-for-hire spearphishing campaign.  The conspiracy targeted individuals and companies in the U.S. and abroad, resulting in the theft of data and netting Azari over $4.8 million in criminal proceeds.  

One of AZARI’s hacking Projects was focused on targeting individuals and organizations involved with climate change advocacy.  Some of the hacked documents that were stolen from various of the victims’ online accounts were leaked to the press, resulting in articles relating to the New York and Massachusetts Attorneys Generals’ investigations into Exxon Mobil Corporation’s knowledge about climate change and potential misstatements made by Exxon regarding what it knew about the risks of climate change...  Clients of AZARI’s Israeli private intelligence company paid a $4.8 million over a nearly five-year period for managing the intelligence gathering and spearphishing campaign. 

 AZARI executed his crimes deliberately and over an extended period primarily for his own self-enrichment.  Some of AZARI’s thousands of victims have described the devastating personal, financial, and reputational impact AZARI’s crimes had on them.  Victims have described the persistent and relentless targeting of them and their associates, as well as the theft of their identities and personal data, as “psychological assault” that has caused them “anxiety, paranoia, depression, sleeplessness, and fear,” and the victims have expressed continued concerns for their personal safety.

*                *                *

AZARI, 52, of Kiryat Yam, Israel, pled guilty to one count of  In addition to his prison term, AZARI was sentenced to three years of supervised release and was ordered to pay forfeiture of $4,844,968.  

TO CURRY FAVOR FAVOR CURRY

To offset the outcome of Mann v. Steyn last week  Congressional climate contrarians staged a Curry House Coup on the hill !

STATEMENT TO THE COMMITTEE ON NATURAL RESOURCES  OF 

THE UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Hearing on Climate Change: The Impacts and the Need to Act 6 February 2019

Judith A. Curry

I thank the Chairman, Ranking Member and the Committee for the opportunity to offer testimony today on ‘Climate Change: The Impacts and the Need to Act.’ 

I am President of Climate Forecast Applications Network (CFAN) and Professor Emerita and former Chair of the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at the Georgia Institute of Technology. 

I have devoted four decades to conducting research on a variety of topics related to weather and climate.

Overreaction to a possible catastrophic threat may cause more harm than benefits and introduce new systemic risks, which are difficult to foresee for a wicked problem. 

The known risks to human well being associated with constraining fossil fuels may be worse than the eventual risks from climate change, and there are undoubtedly some risks from both that we currently do not foresee...

Climate has always changed, independently of human activity, so climate change is nothing new... 

The only tipping point that the IPCC considers likely in the 21st century is disappearance of Arctic summer sea ice (which is fairly reversible, since sea ice freezes every winter).

Given that emissions reductions policies are very costly, politically contentious and are not expected to change the climate in a meaningful way in the 21st century, adaptation strategies are receiving increasing attention in formulating responses to climate change