NUCLEAR KELP SALAD MAY SAVE WORLD

Earth's Future

Seaweed as a Resilient Food Solution after a Nuclear War

Florian Ulrich Jehn, Farrah Jasmine Dingal, Aron Mill, Cheryl Harrison, Ekaterina Ilin, Michael Y. Roleda, Scott C. James, David Denkenberger

First published: 09 January 2024 https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EF003710

Abstract

Abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios such as a nuclear winter caused by the burning of cities in a nuclear war, an asteroid/comet impact or an eruption of a large volcano inject large amounts of particles in the atmosphere, which limit sunlight. This could decimate agriculture as it is practiced today. 

We therefore need resilient food sources for such an event. One promising candidate is seaweed, as it can grow quickly in a wide range of environmental conditions. To explore the feasibility of seaweed after nuclear war, we simulate the growth of seaweed on a global scale using an empirical model based on Gracilaria tikvahiae forced by nuclear winter climate simulations. We assess how quickly global seaweed production could be scaled to provide a significant fraction of global food demand. 

We find seaweed can be grown in tropical oceans, even after nuclear war. The simulated growth is high enough to allow a scale up to an equivalent of 45% of the global human food demand (spread among food, animal feed, and biofuels) in around 9–14 months, while only using a small fraction of the global ocean area. The main limiting factor being the speed at which new seaweed farms can be built. 

The results also show that the growth of seaweed increases with the severity of the nuclear war, as more nutrients become available due to increased vertical mixing. This means that seaweed has the potential to be a viable resilient food source for abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios.

NEWFIE THIEVES FIND VIRTUE SIGNAL WORTH STEALING

     HOW CAN WATER CAPTURE IN VODKA SAVE  SEA LEVEL IF PEOPLE KEEP STEALING THE WATER?

BBC

A Canadian vodka distiller has lost 30,000 litres of valuable iceberg water in what appears to be a heist. Iceberg Vodka CEO David Meyers says he is mystified as to who - or why - someone would have stolen the water. 

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police say someone made away with the liquid - enough to fill a tractor-trailer tanker - from a warehouse in the historic community of Port Union, Newfoundland. 

The water is valued at between C$9,000 ($6,775; £5,200) and C$12,000. 

The CEO of the Newfoundland-based distiller told the BBC that the water was discovered missing on Monday after their facility manager found one of the tanks had been completely drained over the weekend. 

Mr Meyers said it would have taken "a bit of work" to have been able to access the tank and remove the water, which was secured behind a locked gate and door. 

The water is insured but the company is only able to harvest it in the spring from the ice giants that appear annually on Newfoundland and Labrador's coast along the famed "iceberg alley". 

"We only have one crack at doing an iceberg harvest a year," he said. "It's just like a grape harvest for the wine industry."

THE STICK OF LIBERTY MUST FROM TIME TO TIME BE WATERED WITH THE BLOOD OF IDIOTS

          SteynOnline Liberty Stick  (limited edition) $100.00

© 2015 SteynOnline 

"Own your very own limited edition Steyn Online Liberty Stick - and help support Mark's case against the fraudulent "hockey stick" graph created by the litigious Michael E Mann.  The stick features foundational documents of liberty, from Magna Carta to the US Constitution - so now you can not only wave that constitution, you can shake it, menacingly!  Each stick will be signed and numbered by Mark himself.  The stick measures 2 feet long and is made in the USA."

Along with autographed blunt instruments SteynOnline offers a speech by another Brummagem King Edward's School old boy, Enoch Powell MP.

His Peaky Blinders stemwinder warns that immigration from former colonies will reduce Britain to a state of civil war grim as Rome in the days when Virgil wrote of 'the River Tiber foaming with much blood.'

Powell's"Rivers of Blood " speech comes across as purple prose today, but it arguably reflects Thomas Jefferson's 1787 letter on Shay's rebellion, lamenting that " the Tree of Liberty must from time to time be refreshed with the blood of Patriots" delivered in response to Eisenhower dispatching National Guard troops to end school segregation in Little Rock. Here's Mark's take :

Rivers of Blood and the Tides of History

Steyn on Britain            April 20, 2018

Half-a-century ago today, Enoch Powell gave the speech that ended his political ambitions within the British Conservative Party… BBC Radio,  aired a re-enactment of the speech, read by Ian McDiarmid, best known for playing Emperor Palpatine in the Star Wars movies... 

The performance, in fact, is well worth your time… It begins with something... few politicians other than Powell have bothered to articulate:

The supreme function of statesmanship is to provide against preventable evils. In seeking to do so, it encounters obstacles which are deeply rooted in human nature.

Enoch discerned a lot, as I wrote on his centenary in 2012:

National Review  June 21st 2012

Happy Warrior  by Mark Steyn " he was never well disposed toward Uncle Sam… he was "allergic" to "the things that are typically American." This "allergy" was about all he had in common with… the faux-Tory technocrat Euro-fetishist Edward Heath. On almost every other matter, Heath was wrong, and Powell was right.

To the despair of captive leftie passengers, cabbies the length and breadth of the realm enthused about "Enoch."… John O'Sullivan and I took a taxi ride in Dublin in which our driver ended his disquisition on immigration with the words, "Enoch got it right." I once wrote a piece on the increasingly crusty and reactionary Aussie feminist Germaine Greer, author of The Female Eunuch, which a waggish editor headlined "The Female Enoch," confident that every reader would get the joke.

Most of today's political class will end their lives as failures, too, and without even the consolations of contrarianism. But, on statism, Europe, multiculturalism, and much else, Powell taught a very basic lesson — that any sane person should be instinctively skeptical when all the smart people agree. The "unforeseen consequences" are usually out there on the not-so-far horizon looming large in plain sight

FREEDOM WARRIOR UNMASKS EGREGIOUS CHARLATAN AS PESTILENTIAL FEAR-MONGERING NUISANCE

 Jordan Peterson and Mark Steyn — 

Canada's warriors for freedom

Steyn's  stick obsession arguably began on the hockey fields of King Edward's School in Birmingham,  which it shares with King Edward VI High School for Girls 

Opinion by Conrad Black 

© Provided by National Post

This past week, I have been somewhat engrossed by the travails of ...the brilliant writer and critic, Mark Steyn... 

In the United States... The only way to succeed in a defamation action is to drag it out through the courts ...the technique resorted to by Michael Mann, the frenzied climate change fear-monger who helped invent the hockey stick graph of global temperature

Mann exploited the bias of the left to attack capitalism… in the name of saving the planet and stirred the credulous masses of the world who wanted to believe this, or at least to discommode the capitalists by claiming it.

Mark Steyn... portrayed his opponent as"...  always … harassing and bullying anybody who disagrees with him… He is one of the most vicious blowhards on Twitter.” … Mark Steyn has given Michael Mann a terrible debunking; the notion that Mann was libeled at any point in his decades of climate fables is hilarious, he will finally unmask this egregious charlatan, who has been a pestilential international nuisance for decades... 

These two outstanding Canadians... are warriors for freedom and do honour to this country.

Baron Black , who founded and owns The National Post, was  pardoned by President Trump after being sent to prison for fraud,.

He is famed for winning -the largest libel settlement in Canadian history, over $100,000,000 in its longest libel trial.^43]

DEFENSE OBJECTS TO WEATHER IN CLIMATE TRIAL

Mark Steyn has long cried foul at Senator Tim Wirth and scientist Jim Hansen for having the temerity to announce the political advent of global warming on a hot day in 1988.

Wirth's oil patch Senate colleagues  were not amused when he confessed windows had been opened to amplify the D.C. summer heat:

… What we did it was went in the night before and opened all the windows, I will admit, right?…  So Hansen’s giving this testimony, you’ve got these television cameras back there heating up the room, and… Jim Hansen… wiping his brow at the witness table… Interviews – Timothy Wirth | Hot Politics | FRONTLINE | PBS 

January in the nation's capital is another matter. Steyn came to trial in reasonable hopes of  jurors seeing snow and hockey sticks in play on the Potomac, but this year it was not to be.

BY AN ODD COINCIDENCE , NEWSMAX, HERITAGE, CEI, ANTHONY WATTS, TUCKER CARLSON, JIM LAKEY, STEVE MILLOY ,ROGER PIELKE, WILLIE SOON & MARC MORANO ALL FAILED TO MENTION IT TOO !

TO COMPOUND MATTERS, THE FRIDAY AFTER DC'S JANUARY  HEAT RECORD FELL, THE JANUARY GLOBAL OCEAN TEMPERATURE AVERAGE FOR 2024 WAS REPORTED:

IT'S THE HIGHEST EVER RECORDED.

PROGRESS IN THE ARTS CONTINUES

TWO YEARS AFTER EXTINCTION REBELLION'S VEGAN TOMATO SOUP ATTACK ON A PAINTING OF HOW TO BLOW UP A PIPELINE 

SAUCY FRENCH ACTIVISTS LAUNCHED A

 POTAGE CRECY ATTACK ON THE MONA LISA 

TO PROTEST THE  EXPLOITATION OF  OIL PAINTING BY THE FOSSIL FUEL INDUSTRY:

THINGS TOO SELDOM ENCOUNTERED IN THE CLIMATE WARS

Bandwidth 

The simplest way to distort reality is selecting facts that align with partisan views to the exclusion of others.  

Though half the truth can amount to a total lie, climate communication has become normatively polemic, and hence, like advertising,  increasingly mis- & disinformation-friendly.

The Primary Source Criterion

Means identifying credible primary sources and avoiding  self-reference and secondary ones that often reflect an “interpretation” of the facts instead of the actual facts. 

Rigor:

Intellectually serious climate discourse depends on documentation more, not less thorough than academic standards require, with facts made checkable, and data presented without statistical guile. 

Fact Checking & Verification:

Making different sources, methodologies, and calculations equally available to fact checkers.

Clarity 

Favoring  precise and unambiguous language over sound bites and memes to minimize the potential for deliberate of accidental misinterpretation. 

$63 CAN TURN A CLIMATE CRANK INTO A CLIMATE AUTHOR

When Dr. Anna O. Szust emailed all of these academic journals to join their editorial boards, she did not anticipate that so many of them would approve her application within hours. In fact, she did not think anything at all, as she did not exist.

“Szust” is the Polish word for “fraud,” and Dr. Szust was a fabrication concocted for the purpose of a sting operation in 2015. 

Her scientific degrees were fake and her profile fell far short of what she needed to be an editor for an academic journal, tasked with judging the merits of a manuscript and overseeing its peer review. Nonetheless, many journals welcomed her into their editorial family, with four of them stunningly appointing her editor-in-chief!

What went wrong?

You may have heard the name “predatory journal” before. Academic journals publish the findings and opinions of academics. Scientific journals, in particular, release the results of scientific studies in the form of papers which, we are told, are reviewed prior to publication by peers—fellow scientists in the field who are supposed to scrutinize the manuscript and ensure that bad science doesn’t get a pass. A predatory journal only pretends to do so. It exists solely to make money. It’s like a parasite on the back of the scientific endeavour. What it publishes, then, is of questionable quality.

The McGill article notes that public discourse on predatory journals often errs on the side of simplicity. Many are of implausibly broad scope ,accepting papers on topics as diverse as nuclear physics, geography, and nursing...

Counterintuitively, the fees predatory journals charge are often an order of magnitude lower than non-predatory journals, as little as $63. 

Bad journals cater to authors rather than readers. Websites are made to make  manuscript submission easy, and promisesrapid review and publication. 

Instead of using a dedicated online submission portal for papers, it will often ask for authors to simply attach their paper to an email. Since potential authors seldom visit junk journal  websites  many  issue bulk email invitations to publish or  serve on the editorial board. 

These invitations,  often lavishly complimentary like this one  received by an orthodontist: “Based on your eminent expertise and immense contributions in the field, we warmly solicit your participation in the upcoming issue.”

FRIENDS,GRIFTERS, POLAR BEARS TURN OFF YOUR PHONES I COME NOT TO BURY MARK STEYN, BUT TO TRY HIM.

A Climatic Change report says 

"The need for engaging citizens in climate policymaking… remains scarcely researched. Taking a dramaturgical approach, we found that the opening up and closing down of policy options and perspectives was influenced by the setting, staging and scripting of expertise."

   The earliest  climate memes advertised Club of Rome polar bear fights in the Colosseum

While there may be more to come , so far the  two high points of  the Mann v. Steyn defamation trial were the temperature in DC-  an  all time high of 80 in January[!] , and the weekly summary of the deadly dull proceedings  by WUWT & the Heartland institute, which admits that all did not go well for Steyn:

It reveals that film producer Phelim McAleer, last seen chasing Mann in an effort to capture his noseprint on his cell phone, was the Climategate vigilante in a polar bear suit who berated COP 15  with a bullhorn in 2009:

 McALEER KEEPS BANGING ON ABOUT WHO PAYS FOR  CLIMATE PUBLICISTS?   BUT WHAT ABOUT  THE POLAR BEAR IMPERSONATORS  SEEN IN PARIS CHEERLEADING WILLIE SOON,  MARC MORANO,  LORD MONCKTON & THE REST OF THE CONTRARIAN CHORUS AT COP 21:

AND GALAVANTING AROUND COP 27:

MIGHT THEY BE RELATED ?

IF IT'S GOOD ENOUGH FOR GODZILLA, IT WILL DO FOR GRADES K THROUGH THREE

Everyone should eat venison

Melanie McDonagh 27 January 2024

Well, lucky little tiny tots at Top Days nurseries in Hampshire and Dorset. It’s Bambi on the menu for them... They’re rolling out five dishes featuring venison, including deer mince in spaghetti bolognese and burgers...

It is the obvious and sane solution to the problem of an ever-increasing deer population... which nowadays have no natural predators. The children get to eat venison, which is low in fat and rich in nutrients like iron and zinc. The deer have a happy life until they’re shot – and if you had a choice between being a wild deer or a battery chicken, which would you prefer? 

The meat comes from two estates in the South Downs which are overrun with deer, so the environmental benefits of culling them are huge, specifically for trees, and for biodiversity generally.

 

There are, according to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, two million deer in Britain, a million more than there should be if we’re to continue to plant trees with a chance of survival at the rate the government promised. 

If venison is good enough for nurseries, what about prisons? I would argue that HM’s prisoners deserve some decent, nutritious food...

The great mystery is how we have somehow managed to persuade ourselves that healthy food is chicken, salmon and vegan products, when in fact game is better on every count. 

Venison can be farmed, but why bother when wild deer are already overrunning whole areas? It’s local, sustainable and free from the dodgy elements of the vegan menu; avocados and soya, vegan faves, are water- and pesticide-intensive and produced on the other side of the world: edible ecocide. 

CHRISTIE VICTOR IN WAR OF THE WORLDS PRIMARY

@MikeHudema X

WATCH! 

New Jersey just blew up its last coal fired power planet. 

IMPACT OF LAST MARTIAN POWER CENTER OBLITERATED  GROVER'S MILLS

It will build storage for renewable energy instead. These are the transitions we need to see in 2023

We have the solutions.   Implement them.    #ActOnClimate     #climate  #energy #renewables

SHORTLY AFTER HUDEMA'S TWEET, MING THE MERCILESS DROPPED OUT TO RUN FOR GOVERNOR OF CALIFORNIA, AND OFFERED HALEY A TWELVE FIGURE COMPENSATION PACKAGE  IF SHE WOULD AGREE TO BECOME PRINCESS AHURA'S GOVERNESS AND JOIN THE BOARD OF MONGOSOFT 

KOOL-AID NARRATIVE TRAINEES FIND KOOL-AID TASTY

 Turning Doctors into Climate Health Advocates Is Good for Patients

CLIMATEWIRE 

Harvard researchers found that most doctors and nurses who took a course in community organizing believed they could help combat climate change’s negative impacts on health

Teaching doctors about climate change advocacy can help them feel more empowered to take action, according to a new study from Harvard University researchers.

The report — published in Academic Medicine — looked at health care providers who participated in a six-month fellowship that taught them the basic skills of public narrative and community organizing. 

It found that by the end of the course, most participants believed they could develop strategies to reduce the negative impact of climate on health — and nearly all agreed they could make a difference in addressing climate change

“It can feel lonely and daunting to see how climate change is hurting our patients and to have no idea how to help,” said study author and fellowship leader Dr. Gaurab Basu. “The  [Cambridge Health Alliance] fellowship trains health care professionals as advocates and organizers so they can create climate solutions in their communities and find their identity as change-makers.

The course had participants develop a project to address climate change, coached by an experienced community organizer…  before the fellowship, just 50 percent of participants believed they could develop effective strategies to reduce the adverse effects of climate change on people’s health. That number nearly doubled to 97 percent following the fellowship.

Before the fellowship, just 37 percent of participants said they understood the principles of community organizing and how to put them into practice — a number that jumped to 95 percent after the fellowship.

“We found that fellows are not only gaining tangible skills like narrative storytelling, but they also feel a stronger sense of purpose and self-efficacy, which are critical to taking action and fighting burnout,” said Pedja Stojicic, co-director of the fellowship.

MODELING FACTS FOR UNREASONABLE REASON READERS

Here, for the benefit of the cadre of Reason commenters who ignore what its science editor has written about the reality of climate change for the past twenty years  is Skeptical Science's classic animated inter-comparison of who and whose models best and worst predicted the evolution of global warming in past and present decades:

Starting with Exxon and ending with Roy Spencer and Richard Lindzen— not exactly CAGW climate alarmists, it lays out all the projections and  predictions for the same interval, one at a time, by the end making the trend too clear for all but the deliberately ignorant to ignore.

 

Cue gargling noises back on the thread that provoked its posting here.

PORTLAND SLIME MOLD MISGENDERING CRISIS GROWS

In 2023 Erica Berry donned a VR total immersion slime mold suit to join in Portland's homage to a work by ecofeminist Donna Haraway that begins:

"with all the unfaithful offspring of the sky gods, with my littermates who find a rich wallow in multispecies muddles... I want to stay with the trouble, and the only way I know to do that is in generative joy, terror, and collective thinking.

My first demon familiar in this task? A spider, Pimoa cthulu, who lives under stumps. 

The chthonic powers of Terra infuse its tissues everywhere, in spite of the civilizing efforts of the agents of sky gods to astralize them and set up chief Singletons and their tame committees of multiples or subgods, the One and the Many.   

With Pimoa cthulu, I propose a name for an elsewhere and elsewhen that was, still is, and might yet be: the Chthulucene (sic). Myriad tentacles will be needed to tell the story of the Chthulucene."

Harraway's web is spun further by Berry in the current issue of AEON:

You might think that conjuring a trash-eating rodent would repel potential lovers, but a swipe of my friend’s Tinder suggests you’d be wrong... #ratgirlsummer (a hashtag now shared more than 30 million times on TikTok) has little to do with our relationship with real-life rats, just as a child’s impulse to play ‘bear’ has little to do with her relationship with real bears.

Labelling individuals as ‘animals’ – refuting their humanity – has long been a project of the racist, colonial, sexist imagination. Only by rejecting these legacies of white-settler anthropocentrism can we imagine better, less hierarchical ways of existing among, between, and within species…

When I heard about the exhibition… I signed up…And...found myself Immobilised in a straitjacket-like sleeping bag, with a headset puffing oxytocin at me, I tried to relax into my 25-minute experience. My field of vision became hallucinatory… Balloons expanded and contracted around my body, as if I were bubbling 

Twice, I was nudged to open my mouth, and in went a… nibble devised through molecular gastronomy to mimic the proteins a slime mould would taste... the chatter of my mind began to fade… I forgot who and where I was?

Not that I had become a slime mould… I had become re-attuned to the limits and the thrills of my own sensory world… My Umwelt wobbled. There was so much I did not know about how to best occupy a body on our warming Earth.

Erica Berryis a writer and teacher based in Portland. She is the author of Wolfish: The Stories We Tell About Fear, Ferocity and Freedom (2023).

CLIMATE COURT KABUKI

MARK STEYN BEFORE   AND AFTER APPEARING IN COURT: MARK STEYN'S POWERS OF PERSUASION AS AN ANTIVAXXER & CLIMATE GRIFTER RECOVERED RAPIDLY AFTER HIS 2022 HEART ATTACK, BUT YESTERDAY HE WAS STRICKEN ON THE ADVICE OF COUNSEL WITH  TRIAL DATE SUDDEN ONSET  MOBILITY AID  MULTIPLEGIA, ALSO KNOWN AS TINY TIM SYNDROME.  

SOME MEMBERS OF HIS ENTOURAGE WERE MORE ANIMATED IN THEIR AFFECT:

"I'VE MADE NO USEFUL SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION"

Says Mann v. Steyn libel defendant Mark Steyn as he tries to deny the facts of present climate change by making up stuff about Medieval Greenland:

COME FOR THE CHAINSAW, STAY FOR THE HOCKEY STICK

 

Kate Andrews

JAVIER  MILEI  DISMANTLES THE  DAVOS  GROUPTHINK 

Each year the World Economic Forum’s conference in Davos, Switzerland draws the attention of conspiracy theorists. In truth, nothing is happening in the ski town that doesn’t happen every other day of the year:

It’s not the funny business happening behind the scenes that should cause alarm, but what we can see so blatantly in front of our eyes: the calls for higher taxes, the support for a bigger state, the insistence for more red tape (the kind that helps businesses already at Davos secure their position and makes it harder for the entrepreneur to ever join them). It’s picture-perfect crony capitalism – the kind that turns people off the idea of free enterprise ..

But credit goes to the WEF this year for inviting the antidote to the conference’s misguided ideals – and giving him a platform on the centre stage. Argentina’s newly elected President Javier Milei… In a total break with the usual platitudes spouted at Davos, Milei opted instead for an unabashed defence of free market capitalism – the only system, he said, which is really ‘morally desirable’ because of its proved outcomes for people... starting his speech with a history of global growth and prosperity.

 What we see is an ‘explosion’ of growth once capitalism is adopted, he told the audience, which takes the ‘shape of a hockey stick’ (i.e. an exponential rise). 

‘Thanks to free enterprise capitalism, the world is now living its best moment’ he said. ‘Today’s world is more free, more rich, more peaceful, and more prosperous than in any other time of human history.’

But Milei has no interest in living in the past: indeed he insisted that his country must provide a contemporary example of what can happen when socialism is implemented. The president is currently working to stabilise the Argentenian economy and prepare the way for classically liberal reforms as he tries to get a grip on the country’s inflation rate, which currently sits at over 200 per cent

A CLIMATICALLY RAUCUS IOWA CAUCUS

 A frigid wave of withdrawals has opened Iowa's 2024 caucus to Prohibitionist, ProLife, ProGas Of Life & Anti-Climate entries:  

THE MARTIAN BICENTENNIAL PARTY

WANTS MUSK TO RUN BECAUSE TRUMP HAS FAILED TO PRODUCE A MARTIAN BIRTH CERTIFICATE

THE CLIMATE CONSTITUTION PARTY CANDIDATE IS A CERTIFIED FELON QUALIFIED TO SERVE AS TRUMP'S CELL MATE IN THE EVENT OF A PARDON MALFUNCTION

THE NEOCON NEOCOAL CO2ALITION WOULD AMEND THE CONSTITUTION TO  PROHIBIT SALES OF GASOHOL TO MINORS AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES TO ADULTS

WHY WOULD A 4 YEAR OLD WANT TO BLOW UP A PIPELINE?

How do you communicate with your kids about climate?… 

Well, yeah. Both of them have watched the film, “How to Blow Up a Pipeline.”

Generally we teach kids that violence or breaking people’s things is bad. Do you feel you can honestly give your kids the same message?

 I hope that I communicate through my parenting that generally you shouldn’t break things. But I hope that they get the impression that I consider there to be exceptions to this rule. 

My 4-year-old, for instance... he would be on the lookout for S.U.V.s. He knows these are the bad cars. I think they have an awareness of the tactic of deflating S.U.V. tires.

Is there not a risk that smashing things would cause a backlash that would actually impede progress on climate? 

I fundamentally disagree with the idea that there is progress happening and that we might ruin it by escalating

EARLIER EXCERPTS FROM  ANDREAS MALM'S NYTIMES INTERVIEW:

It’s hard for me to think of a realm outside of climate where mainstream publications would be engaging with someone, like you, who advocates political violence. Why are people open to this conversation? 

If you know something about the climate crisis, this means that you are aware of the desperation that people feel... the logic of the situation fundamentally drives this conversation: All attempts to rein in this problem have failed miserably. Which means that, virtually by definition, we have to try something more than we’ve tried.

I know you’re saying historically this is not the case, but it’s hard to think that deaths don’t become inevitable if there is more sabotage. 

Sure, if you have a thousand pipeline explosions per year, if it takes on that extreme scale. But we are some distance from that, unfortunately.

Don’t say “unfortunately.”...