GREEN STATES MAY SUE
BIG WIND FOR CONCEALING CLIMATE RISKS
|
OLD VERMONT WIND DOCUMENTS MAY THROW MONKEY WRENCH INTO NEW FOSSIL FUEL LAWSUITS:
WILL VESTA & G-E BE ACCUSED OF FEIGNING THERMODYNAMIC IGNORANCE TO EARN TAX CREDITS?
- Wind power reduces emissions but climatic impacts include warmer temperatures
- Warming effect strongest at night when temperatures increase with height
- Nighttime warming effect observed at 28 operational US wind farms
- Wind's warming can exceed avoided warming from reduced CO2 for a century
|
Summary
We find that generating today's US electricity demand (0.5 TW e) with wind power would warm Continental US surface temperatures by 0.24°C.
Warming arises, in part, from turbines redistributing heat by mixing the boundary layer. Modeled diurnal and seasonal temperature differences are roughly consistent with recent observations of warming at wind farms, reflecting a coherent mechanistic understanding for how wind turbines alter climate.
The warming effect is: small compared with projections of 21st century warming, approximately equivalent to the reduced warming achieved by decarbonizing global electricity generation, and large compared with the reduced warming achieved by decarbonizing US electricity with wind.
For the same generation rate, the climatic impacts from solar photovoltaic systems are about ten times smaller than wind systems. Wind's overall environmental impacts are surely less than fossil energy. Yet, as the energy system is decarbonized, decisions between wind and solar should be informed by estimates of their climate impacts.
References
Baidya Roy S. Traiteur J.
Impacts of wind farms on surface air temperatures.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2010; 107: 17899-17904
View in Article
Harris R.A. Zhou L. Xia G.
Satellite observations of wind farm impacts on nocturnal land surface temperature in Iowa.
Rem. Sens. 2014; 6: 12234-12246
Hasager C.B. Vincent P. Badger J. Badger M. Di Bella A.
Peña A.Husson R. Volker P.
Using satellite SAR to characterize the wind flow around offshore wind farms.
Energies. 2015; 8: 5413-5439
And also it is based on the discovered of the Rotating Planet Spherical Surface Solar Irradiation Absorbing-Emitting Universal Law:
cp cal/gr oC – is the planet’s surface specific heat
In our case those distracting physical phenomena are the planet’s sidereal rotation, N rotations/day, and the planet’s surface specific heat, cp cal/gr oC.
Tsat.mean.earth = 288 K, measured by satellites.
Tsat.mean.moon = 220 K, measured by satellites.
Jemit = Jabs
And Jabs = [ Φ (1-a) So (1/R²) /4 ] (W/m²)